{"id":2552,"date":"2018-12-24T08:03:00","date_gmt":"2018-12-24T08:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vigorous-einstein.82-165-3-172.plesk.page\/ca\/?p=2552"},"modified":"2018-12-24T08:05:14","modified_gmt":"2018-12-24T08:05:14","slug":"ser-activista-social-a-colombia-un-treball-que-costa-la-vida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vigorous-einstein.82-165-3-172.plesk.page\/ca\/ser-activista-social-a-colombia-un-treball-que-costa-la-vida\/","title":{"rendered":"Ser activista social a Col\u00f2mbia: un treball que costa la vida"},"content":{"rendered":"

Publicat originalment en el Diari P\u00fablic el 24-11-2018<\/a><\/p>\n

Els victimaris de la Mar\u00eda Carvajal<\/strong> solament tenien una fotografia per identificar a la dona que havien d’assassinar. Davant el dubte, la van deixar escapar. Passat un temps, la van emmordassar i van emmanillar, per\u00f2 aquella vegada solament volien els seus diners. Anys m\u00e9s tard, va sofrir un atemptat del que va sortir il\u00b7lesa. Tot per exercir la defensa dels drets humans, un treball que “a Col\u00f2mbia costa la vida”.<\/p>\n

Es compleix el segon aniversari de la signatura de l’Acord de Pau entre l’ex president Juan Manuel Santos i les FARC-EP <\/b><\/a>. El 24 de novembre de 2016, despr\u00e9s de quatre anys de negociacions i un refer\u00e8ndum fallit, es va posar fi a una guerra de m\u00e9s de cinc d\u00e8cades. A pesar que, amb l’acord es preveia una disminuci\u00f3 dels nivells de viol\u00e8ncia, l\u00edders socials i camperols coincideixen que viuen una situaci\u00f3 alarmant<\/strong>. “Aquest pacte era una oportunitat perqu\u00e8 no corregu\u00e9s m\u00e9s sang als nostres territoris i cr\u00e8iem que anava a haver-hi tranquil\u00b7litat, per\u00f2 a poc a poc aix\u00f2 ha canviat”, lamenta Over Pila<\/strong>, dirigent social.<\/p>\n

Segons l’Institut d’Estudis per al Desenvolupament i la Pau (Indepaz)<\/a><\/b>, en 2017 es van produir 170 assassinats de l\u00edders i defensors de drets humans. Durant 2018 hi ha hagut dos repunts. En el primer trimestre, 46 dirigents socials van ser assassinats<\/strong>. I a mitjan any, mentre Col\u00f2mbia es jugava la seva perman\u00e8ncia en el mundial de futbol i el conservador Iv\u00e1n Duque<\/strong> guanyava les eleccions presidencials, dos dies van bastar per cobrar-se la vida de deu activistes en vuit prov\u00edncies del pa\u00eds.<\/p>\n

Pila tamb\u00e9 va rebre dos missatges per sota de la porta del seu domicili en els quals ho amena\u00e7aven de mort. El temor ho va fer fugir per un temps. “Des de la signatura de l’acord de pau hi ha una campanya en contra dels defensors i defensores”, considera Edilberto Daza<\/strong>, dirigent camperol que sofreix amenaces directes des de fa m\u00e9s d’una d\u00e8cada. Va ser segrestat tres dies per paramilitars en 2007<\/strong> i va sobreviure a un atemptat. La viol\u00e8ncia ha format part de la seva vida sempre. “Fa anys vivim una \u00e8poca en la qual va haver-hi molts assassinats i massacres, aix\u00ed que ara ens resulta molt dur, per\u00f2 no estrany”.<\/p>\n

Donada la preocupant situaci\u00f3 de Daza, al setembre de 2017 va ser acollit a Europa a trav\u00e9s d’un programa de protecci\u00f3 a persones defensores en el qual, durant sis mesos, va poder denunciar davant les institucions europees el risc que sofreixen.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Velat\u00f3 en contra dels assassinats de l\u00edders i lideresses socials a la ciutat colombiana de Villavicencio.<\/p><\/div>\n

Desprotecci\u00f3 estatal<\/strong><\/p>\n

Per a la protecci\u00f3 de les persones amb greus riscos d’amenaces, el Govern va crear la Unitat Nacional de Protecci\u00f3 (UNP)<\/strong>. No obstant aix\u00f2, t\u00e9 un paper limitat, ja que no ofereix mesures preventives. Les defensores denuncien que no preveu la seguretat en els entorns rurals. \u201cEt donen tel\u00e8fons per a llocs on no hi ha senyal, els cotxes no estan preparats per a les vies rurals i es demoren molt a donar resposta\u201d, protesta Daza. El dirigent va esperar tres anys fins que li van atorgar un esquema de seguretat amb dos escortes. Per\u00f2 no tots obtenen aquestes mesures cautelars.<\/p>\n

Dies despr\u00e9s de la seva presa de possessi\u00f3, el president Iv\u00e1n Duque, el defensor del Poble, Carlos Negret, i altres c\u00e0rrecs van signar el document ‘Pacte per la vida i la protecci\u00f3 dels l\u00edders socials i persones defensores de drets humans’.<\/a> Malgrat aquestes mesures institucionals, des de les organitzacions socials denuncien la falta de resultats i assenyalen la responsabilitat de l’Estat. “Les autoritats no busquen la forma de salvaguardar la integritat del dirigent social”, protesta Pila.<\/p>\n

Per al Jaime Gonz\u00e1lez, comunicador social, la resposta institucional \u00e9s inefica\u00e7. \u201cL’Estat ho nega, per\u00f2 els assassinats contra el moviment popular s\u00f3n sistem\u00e0tics des que es va signar l’acord de pau\u201d. A m\u00e9s, apunta al fet que els interessos en el control de les rutes del narcotr\u00e0fic, la mineria il\u00b7legal o les hisendes dedicades al latifundi es contraposen al treball de les comunitats al territori i conseq\u00fcentment \u201cla pagesia es converteix en v\u00edctima de la viol\u00e8ncia\u201d. De fet, Gonz\u00e1lez coincideix amb Pila en assenyalar certa complicitat entre grups paramilitars i For\u00e7a P\u00fablica. \u201c\u00c9s impossible que assassinin a l\u00edders i lideresses a escassos metres de la policia o l’ex\u00e8rcit i no hagi capturats ni coneixement de qui va cometre el crim\u201d, denuncia Pila.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Velat\u00f3 en contra dels assassinats de l\u00edders i lideresses socials a la ciutat colombiana de Villavicencio.<\/p><\/div>\n

Nova conjuntura<\/strong><\/p>\n

En el seu \u00faltim informe<\/a>, l’Institut Kroc, que monitora l’avan\u00e7 dels acords de pau, indica la preocupaci\u00f3 per \u201cl’increment i persist\u00e8ncia d’homicidis contra defensors i defensores de drets humans\u201d sobretot a les zones hist\u00f2ricament afectades pel conflicte armat. Aix\u00ed mateix, a mitjan octubre, Jean Arnault, cap de la Missi\u00f3 de Verificaci\u00f3 de l’ONU a Col\u00f2mbia, va presentar davant el Consell de Seguretat de Nacions Unides un informe sobre la implementaci\u00f3 dels acords<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Des de l’organisme es va assenyalar la urg\u00e8ncia d’aplicar el Pacte per la Vida, promogut pel nou govern, per solucionar la greu problem\u00e0tica.<\/p>\n

No obstant aix\u00f2, l’arribada de Duque a l’executiu<\/a>, proper a l’ex president \u00c1lvaro Uribe<\/strong>, ha minat les esperances de les organitzacions. Irene Ram\u00edrez<\/strong>, presidenta de l’Associaci\u00f3 Camperola del Valle del Rio Cimitarra<\/strong>, lamenta l’estat de l’actual conjuntura. \u201cAmb el nou Govern, anem a retrocedir vuit anys, com quan jo vaig comen\u00e7ar el meu treball per defensar a les companyes i companys perseguits i estigmatitzats durant el mandat d’Uribe\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cL’Acord de Pau que va ser una vict\u00f2ria popular s’est\u00e0 incomplint\u201d, constata Juan Carlos Quintero, dirigent social. En el seu recent gira per Europa, denuncia que \u201cl’Estat no eradica les causes socials que van generar el conflicte i la guerra\u201d.
\nMalgrat la unanimitat pel que fa a la inefic\u00e0cia de les autoritats, les organitzacions no cessen en el seu treball, sin\u00f3 que el seu comprom\u00eds augmenta. \u201cAssec que les comunitats m’aprecien i em recolzen aix\u00ed que seguir\u00e9 en la meva labor fins al dia de la meva mort\u201d, expressa Daza. De la mateixa manera, Ram\u00edrez assegura que si \u00e9s necessari tornaran a sortir als carrers: “El cam\u00ed a la pau est\u00e0 tra\u00e7at i anem a continuar fins que no es cometin m\u00e9s assassinats”.<\/p>\n

I fa dues setmanes, quan queia la nit, Over Pila tornava amb cotxe d’una xerrada amb les comunitats. Anava acompanyat pels seus dos escortes quan van disparar en diverses ocasions contra l’autom\u00f2bil. Davant l’atac van tornar al lloc del que havien sortit per\u00f2 ning\u00fa els va prestar ajuda. \u201cHo entenc perqu\u00e8 la gent t\u00e9 por de parlar\u201d, explica Pila. Confessa que tamb\u00e9 tem per la seva vida. S’activen els protocols de protecci\u00f3 per\u00f2 el risc persisteix i a l’una que la convicci\u00f3. \u201cFins que D\u00e9u ens ho permeti seguirem treballant en el que ens mou que \u00e9s la defensa del poble colombi\u00e0\u201d.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Publicat originalment en el Diari P\u00fablic el 24-11-2018 Els victimaris de la Mar\u00eda Carvajal solament tenien una fotografia per identificar a la dona que havien d’assassinar. Davant el dubte, la van deixar escapar. Passat un temps, la van emmordassar i van emmanillar, per\u00f2 aquella vegada solament volien els seus diners. Anys m\u00e9s tard, va sofrir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2636,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2552","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-noticies"],"yoast_head":"\nSer activista social a Col\u00f2mbia: un treball que costa la vida - IAP | International Action For Peace<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vigorous-einstein.82-165-3-172.plesk.page\/ca\/ser-activista-social-a-colombia-un-treball-que-costa-la-vida\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ser activista social a Col\u00f2mbia: un treball que costa la vida - IAP | International Action For Peace\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Publicat originalment en el Diari P\u00fablic el 24-11-2018 Els victimaris de la Mar\u00eda Carvajal solament tenien una fotografia per identificar a la dona que havien d’assassinar. Davant el dubte, la van deixar escapar. Passat un temps, la van emmordassar i van emmanillar, per\u00f2 aquella vegada solament volien els seus diners. 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